Evaluating the effect of antidepressants on the relationship between depression and asthma.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear if depression is associated with impaired lung function in subjects with asthma, while few studies evaluated the effect of antidepressants on the relationship between depression and asthma. We designed this study to investigate if subjects with concomitant asthma and depression not taking antidepressants have worse asthma outcomes compared to asthmatic subjects without depression, and to evaluate whether antidepressants modify this association. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. We included non-smokers with asthma, 18 years old or above. Study subjects attended an appointment with a chest physician, answered study questionnaires and underwent a spirometry test. We performed crude and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: We enrolled 309 subjects with asthma, of whom 48 with depression taking antidepressants, 52 with depression not taking antidepressants, and 209 without depression (control group). Asthmatic subjects with depression who had not used antidepressants before enrollment were more likely to have uncontrolled symptoms of asthma [adjusted OR 3.10, 95CI (1.56-6.15)] and airway obstruction [adjusted OR 2.41, 95CI (1.24-4.69)] compared to the control group. Subjects who had used antidepressants had higher odds of uncontrolled symptoms of asthma [adjusted OR 3.02, 95CI (1,50-6.07)], but similar odds of airway obstruction [adjusted OR 1.24, 95CI (0.87-1.77)] compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Non-treated depression is associated with airway obstruction in subjects with asthma, but antidepressants modify this association. Thus, we recommend regular screening of depression in subjects with asthma, and prescription of antidepressants whenever depression symptoms justify pharmacological therapy.

Hospital admission rate in children and adolescents with mild persistent asthma.

INTRODUCTION: The health and financial burden of mild-persistent asthma has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the rate of hospital admissions that have occurred during the preceding year between children and adolescents with current mild-persistent (MP) and moderate-severe (MS) asthma. METHODS: We screened children and adolescents with asthma at eight outpatient clinics. The inclusion criteria were asthma diagnosis, age from 6 to 18 years and follow-up with a physician during the preceding 6 months. Subjects answered standardized questionnaires and underwent spirometry. RESULTS: We enrolled 220 MP and 102 MS asthmatic subjects. The proportion of subjects with HA during the preceding year was similar between MP and MS asthma groups (7% vs. 7%; p = .89). Symptoms score and the financial values spent by the family in the care of asthma were lower in MP asthma as compared with MS asthma group (asthma control questionnaire score 0.7 [0.3-1.0) vs. 2.0 [1.1-2.5]; p < .01) (asthma expenses in USD 13 [2-43] vs. 28 [10-83]; p < .01). The frequency of subjects using inhaled corticosteroids maintenance therapy was lower in the MP asthma group as compared with the MS asthma group (54% vs. 100%; p < .01). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the frequency of hospital admissions that have occurred during the preceding year was similar between subjects with current MP and MS asthma. Symptoms score and the financial values spent by the family in the care of asthma were lower in the MP asthma group.

Is a low level of education a limiting factor for asthma control in a population with access to pulmonologists and to treatment?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a low level of education is a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in a population of patients who have access to pulmonologists and to treatment. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients > 10 years of age diagnosed with asthma who were followed by a pulmonologist for at least 3 months in the city of Jundiai, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The patients completed a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, the 6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (to assess the control of asthma symptoms), and a questionnaire designed to assess treatment adherence. Patients underwent spirometry, and patient inhaler technique was assessed. RESULTS: 358 patients were enrolled in the study. Level of education was not considered a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma symptoms (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.05), spirometry findings consistent with obstructive lung disease (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01), uncontrolled asthma (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95-1.10), or the need for moderate/high doses of inhaled medication (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06). The number of years of schooling was similar between the patients in whom treatment adherence was good and those in whom it was poor (p = 0.08), as well as between those who demonstrated proper inhaler technique and those who did not (p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Among asthma patients with access to pulmonologists and to treatment, a low level of education does not appear to be a limiting factor for adequate asthma control.

Is a low level of education a limiting factor for asthma control in a population with access to pulmonologists and to treatment? / A baixa escolaridade é um fator limitante para o controle da asma em uma população com acesso a pneumologista e tratamento?

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether a low level of education is a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma in a population of patients who have access to pulmonologists and to treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving outpatients > 10 years of age diagnosed with asthma who were followed by a pulmonologist for at least 3 months in the city of Jundiai, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The patients completed a questionnaire specifically designed for this study, the 6-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (to assess the control of asthma symptoms), and a questionnaire designed to assess treatment adherence. Patients underwent spirometry, and patient inhaler technique was assessed. Results: 358 patients were enrolled in the study. Level of education was not considered a risk factor for uncontrolled asthma symptoms (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.05), spirometry findings consistent with obstructive lung disease (OR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01), uncontrolled asthma (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 0.95-1.10), or the need for moderate/high doses of inhaled medication (OR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.94-1.06). The number of years of schooling was similar between the patients in whom treatment adherence was good and those in whom it was poor (p = 0.08), as well as between those who demonstrated proper inhaler technique and those who did not (p = 0.41). Conclusions: Among asthma patients with access to pulmonologists and to treatment, a low level of education does not appear to be a limiting factor for adequate asthma control.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se a baixa escolaridade é um fator de risco para asma não controlada em uma população de pacientes que tem acesso a um pneumologista e ao tratamento. Métodos: Estudo transversal com pacientes com diagnóstico de asma, com idade > 10 anos, acompanhados por ao menos três meses por um pneumologista em ambulatórios na cidade de Jundiaí (SP). Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário específico do estudo, ao Questionário de Controle da Asma com seis questões para avaliar o controle dos sintomas da asma e a um questionário para avaliar a adesão ao tratamento. Avaliou-se a correção no uso de dispositivos inalatórios, e os pacientes realizaram espirometria. Resultados: Foram incluídos 358 pacientes. A escolaridade não foi fator de risco para sintomas de asma não controlados (OR = 0,99; IC95%: 0,94-1,05), presença de distúrbio ventilatório obstrutivo na espirometria (OR = 1,00; IC95%: 0,99-1,01), asma não controlada (OR = 1,03; IC95%: 0,95-1,10) e necessidade de dose moderada/alta de medicações inalatórias (OR = 0,99; IC95%: 0,94-1,06). O número de anos de escolaridade foi semelhante nos grupos com e sem adesão ao tratamento (p = 0,08) e nos grupos com e sem erros na utilização do dispositivo inalatório (p = 0,41). Conclusões: Nesta amostra de pacientes com asma que têm acesso a pneumologista e tratamento, a baixa escolaridade não foi um fator limitante para o controle adequado da asma.